diff --git a/src/components/AudioPlayer/index.tsx b/src/components/AudioPlayer/index.tsx
index eccbce2a..3a8dc54f 100644
--- a/src/components/AudioPlayer/index.tsx
+++ b/src/components/AudioPlayer/index.tsx
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ import logger from '@/lib/logger'
 interface AudioPlayerProps {
   src: string
   className?: string
+  /** Fires when enough data is buffered to play (e.g. to swap out a blurhash placeholder). */
+  onReady?: () => void
 }
 
-export default function AudioPlayer({ src, className }: AudioPlayerProps) {
+export default function AudioPlayer({ src, className, onReady }: AudioPlayerProps) {
   const audioRef = useRef<HTMLAudioElement>(null)
   const [isPlaying, setIsPlaying] = useState(false)
   const [currentTime, setCurrentTime] = useState(0)
@@ -22,6 +24,25 @@ export default function AudioPlayer({ src, className }: AudioPlayerProps) {
   const seekTimeoutRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout>()
   const isSeeking = useRef(false)
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!onReady) return
+    const audio = audioRef.current
+    if (!audio) return
+    const notify = () => onReady()
+    if (audio.readyState >= HTMLMediaElement.HAVE_FUTURE_DATA) {
+      notify()
+      return
+    }
+    audio.addEventListener('canplay', notify, { once: true })
+    return () => audio.removeEventListener('canplay', notify)
+  }, [src, onReady])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (error) {
+      onReady?.()
+    }
+  }, [error, onReady])
+
   useEffect(() => {
     const audio = audioRef.current
     if (!audio) return
@@ -104,7 +125,7 @@ export default function AudioPlayer({ src, className }: AudioPlayerProps) {
         )}
         onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
       >
-        <audio ref={audioRef} src={src} preload="metadata" onError={() => setError(false)} />
+        <audio ref={audioRef} src={src} preload="metadata" onError={() => setError(true)} />
 
         {/* Play/Pause Button */}
         <Button size="icon" className="rounded-full shrink-0" onClick={togglePlay}>
diff --git a/src/components/MediaPlayer/LazyMediaTapPlaceholder.tsx b/src/components/MediaPlayer/LazyMediaTapPlaceholder.tsx
index 009c24d4..b063c5ee 100644
--- a/src/components/MediaPlayer/LazyMediaTapPlaceholder.tsx
+++ b/src/components/MediaPlayer/LazyMediaTapPlaceholder.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
 import { resolveMediaBlurPlaceholder } from '@/lib/media-placeholder-blurhash'
 import { decode } from 'blurhash'
 import { Music2, Play } from 'lucide-react'
-import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 
 const CANVAS_W = 32
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ function BlurHashLayer({ blurHash, className }: { blurHash: string; className?:
     }
   }, [blurHash])
 
-  useEffect(() => {
+  // Layout effect so the canvas is painted before the browser's next paint (no empty flash).
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
     if (!pixels || !canvasRef.current) return
     const ctx = canvasRef.current.getContext('2d')
     if (!ctx) return
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ function BlurHashLayer({ blurHash, className }: { blurHash: string; className?:
   }, [pixels])
 
   if (!pixels) {
-    return <div className={cn('absolute inset-0 bg-muted', className)} />
+    return <div className={cn('absolute inset-0 z-0 bg-muted', className)} />
   }
 
   return (
@@ -49,12 +50,86 @@ function BlurHashLayer({ blurHash, className }: { blurHash: string; className?:
       ref={canvasRef}
       width={CANVAS_W}
       height={CANVAS_H}
-      className={cn('absolute inset-0 h-full w-full object-cover', className)}
+      className={cn('absolute inset-0 z-0 h-full w-full object-cover', className)}
       style={{ imageRendering: 'auto', filter: 'blur(0.5px)' }}
     />
   )
 }
 
+const frameClass = (kind: 'video' | 'audio', className?: string) =>
+  cn(
+    'relative w-full max-w-[400px] overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-border bg-muted/30 shadow-sm',
+    kind === 'video' ? 'aspect-video' : 'min-h-[7.5rem] aspect-[21/9]',
+    className
+  )
+
+function MediaPlaceholderLayers({
+  src,
+  posterUrl,
+  blurHash,
+  showTapChrome
+}: {
+  src: string
+  posterUrl?: string
+  blurHash?: string
+  showTapChrome: boolean
+}) {
+  const kind = guessMediaKindFromUrl(src)
+  const hash = resolveMediaBlurPlaceholder(src, blurHash)
+  const poster = posterUrl?.trim()
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {/* Blur under poster so color shows instantly while the image loads */}
+      <BlurHashLayer blurHash={hash} />
+      {poster ? (
+        <img
+          src={poster}
+          alt=""
+          className="absolute inset-0 z-[1] h-full w-full object-cover"
+          loading="eager"
+          decoding="async"
+        />
+      ) : null}
+      <span className="absolute inset-0 z-[2] bg-gradient-to-t from-black/55 via-black/25 to-black/15" aria-hidden />
+      {showTapChrome ? (
+        <span className="absolute inset-0 z-[3] flex items-center justify-center" aria-hidden>
+          <span className="flex size-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-black/55 text-white shadow-md backdrop-blur-[2px] transition-transform group-hover:scale-105 group-focus-visible:scale-105">
+            {kind === 'video' ? (
+              <Play className="size-8 fill-current pl-1" strokeWidth={0} />
+            ) : (
+              <Music2 className="size-8" strokeWidth={2} />
+            )}
+          </span>
+        </span>
+      ) : null}
+    </>
+  )
+}
+
+/** Blurhash (or poster) frame while video/audio embed loads — no tap target. */
+export function MediaEmbedBlurFrame({
+  src,
+  posterUrl,
+  blurHash,
+  className
+}: {
+  src: string
+  posterUrl?: string
+  blurHash?: string
+  className?: string
+}) {
+  const kind = guessMediaKindFromUrl(src)
+  return (
+    <div
+      className={cn(frameClass(kind, className), 'pointer-events-none select-none')}
+      aria-hidden
+    >
+      <MediaPlaceholderLayers src={src} posterUrl={posterUrl} blurHash={blurHash} showTapChrome={false} />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
 export default function LazyMediaTapPlaceholder({
   src,
   posterUrl,
@@ -70,15 +145,13 @@ export default function LazyMediaTapPlaceholder({
 }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const kind = guessMediaKindFromUrl(src)
-  const hash = resolveMediaBlurPlaceholder(src, blurHash)
-  const poster = posterUrl?.trim()
   const label = t('Click to load media')
 
   return (
     <button
       type="button"
       className={cn(
-        'group relative w-full max-w-[400px] overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-border bg-muted/30 text-left shadow-sm outline-none transition-opacity hover:opacity-95 focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring',
+        'group w-full max-w-[400px] overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-border bg-muted/30 text-left shadow-sm outline-none transition-opacity hover:opacity-95 focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring',
         kind === 'video' ? 'aspect-video' : 'min-h-[7.5rem] aspect-[21/9]',
         className
       )}
@@ -90,27 +163,7 @@ export default function LazyMediaTapPlaceholder({
       aria-label={label}
       title={label}
     >
-      {poster ? (
-        <img
-          src={poster}
-          alt=""
-          className="absolute inset-0 h-full w-full object-cover"
-          loading="lazy"
-          decoding="async"
-        />
-      ) : (
-        <BlurHashLayer blurHash={hash} />
-      )}
-      <span className="absolute inset-0 bg-gradient-to-t from-black/55 via-black/25 to-black/15" aria-hidden />
-      <span className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center" aria-hidden>
-        <span className="flex size-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-black/55 text-white shadow-md backdrop-blur-[2px] transition-transform group-hover:scale-105 group-focus-visible:scale-105">
-          {kind === 'video' ? (
-            <Play className="size-8 fill-current pl-1" strokeWidth={0} />
-          ) : (
-            <Music2 className="size-8" strokeWidth={2} />
-          )}
-        </span>
-      </span>
+      <MediaPlaceholderLayers src={src} posterUrl={posterUrl} blurHash={blurHash} showTapChrome />
     </button>
   )
 }
diff --git a/src/components/MediaPlayer/index.tsx b/src/components/MediaPlayer/index.tsx
index 9cfc02a6..4a9863e7 100644
--- a/src/components/MediaPlayer/index.tsx
+++ b/src/components/MediaPlayer/index.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,37 @@
 import { isImage } from '@/lib/url'
+import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
 import { useContentPolicy } from '@/providers/ContentPolicyProvider'
-import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import AudioPlayer from '../AudioPlayer'
 import VideoPlayer from '../VideoPlayer'
 import ExternalLink from '../ExternalLink'
-import LazyMediaTapPlaceholder from './LazyMediaTapPlaceholder'
+import LazyMediaTapPlaceholder, { MediaEmbedBlurFrame } from './LazyMediaTapPlaceholder'
+
+/** Same rules as the metadata probe, but synchronous so the first paint can show the embed stack. */
+function embedMediaTypeHintFromUrl(src: string): 'video' | 'audio' | null {
+  try {
+    const url = new URL(src)
+    const extension = url.pathname.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase()
+    if (
+      extension &&
+      ['mp3', 'wav', 'flac', 'aac', 'm4a', 'opus', 'wma', 'mka', 'oga'].includes(extension)
+    ) {
+      return 'audio'
+    }
+    if (extension === 'mkv' || extension === 'ogv') {
+      return 'video'
+    }
+    if (
+      extension &&
+      ['mp4', 'webm', 'm4v', 'mov', 'avi', '3gp', '3g2'].includes(extension)
+    ) {
+      return 'video'
+    }
+    return null
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+}
 
 export default function MediaPlayer({
   src,
@@ -23,6 +50,9 @@ export default function MediaPlayer({
   const { autoLoadMedia } = useContentPolicy()
   const [display, setDisplay] = useState(autoLoadMedia)
   const [mediaType, setMediaType] = useState<'video' | 'audio' | null>(null)
+  const [probeFailed, setProbeFailed] = useState(false)
+  const [embedPainted, setEmbedPainted] = useState(false)
+  const readyOnceRef = useRef(false)
 
   // imeta `thumb` / `image` are sometimes the same .mp4 as `url` — <img> cannot use that, and it
   // would hide the blurhash placeholder in LazyMediaTapPlaceholder.
@@ -32,6 +62,12 @@ export default function MediaPlayer({
     return isImage(p) ? p : undefined
   }, [poster])
 
+  const urlEmbedTypeHint = useMemo(() => embedMediaTypeHintFromUrl(src), [src])
+  /** Probe result wins when set (e.g. audio-only mp4); URL hint avoids a blank frame before useEffect runs. */
+  const effectiveMediaType = mediaType ?? urlEmbedTypeHint
+
+  const showEmbed = mustLoad || display
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (autoLoadMedia) {
       setDisplay(true)
@@ -41,47 +77,76 @@ export default function MediaPlayer({
   }, [autoLoadMedia])
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!mustLoad && !display) {
+    readyOnceRef.current = false
+    setEmbedPainted(false)
+    setMediaType(null)
+    setProbeFailed(false)
+  }, [src])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!showEmbed) {
       setMediaType(null)
+      setProbeFailed(false)
       return
     }
+    readyOnceRef.current = false
+    setEmbedPainted(false)
     if (!src) {
-      setMediaType(null)
+      setProbeFailed(true)
       return
     }
 
-    const url = new URL(src)
-    const extension = url.pathname.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase()
+    setProbeFailed(false)
+    setMediaType(null)
 
-    if (
-      extension &&
-      ['mp3', 'wav', 'flac', 'aac', 'm4a', 'opus', 'wma', 'mka'].includes(extension)
-    ) {
-      setMediaType('audio')
-      return
-    }
+    let cancelled = false
 
-    if (extension === 'mkv' || extension === 'ogv') {
-      setMediaType('video')
-      return
-    }
+    try {
+      const url = new URL(src)
+      const extension = url.pathname.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase()
 
-    const video = document.createElement('video')
-    video.src = src
-    video.preload = 'metadata'
+      if (
+        extension &&
+        ['mp3', 'wav', 'flac', 'aac', 'm4a', 'opus', 'wma', 'mka'].includes(extension)
+      ) {
+        setMediaType('audio')
+        return
+      }
 
-    video.onloadedmetadata = () => {
-      setMediaType(video.videoWidth > 0 || video.videoHeight > 0 ? 'video' : 'audio')
-    }
+      if (extension === 'mkv' || extension === 'ogv') {
+        setMediaType('video')
+        return
+      }
 
-    video.onerror = () => {
-      setMediaType(null)
-    }
+      const video = document.createElement('video')
+      video.src = src
+      video.preload = 'metadata'
 
-    return () => {
-      video.src = ''
+      video.onloadedmetadata = () => {
+        if (cancelled) return
+        setMediaType(video.videoWidth > 0 || video.videoHeight > 0 ? 'video' : 'audio')
+      }
+
+      video.onerror = () => {
+        if (cancelled) return
+        setProbeFailed(true)
+        setMediaType(null)
+      }
+
+      return () => {
+        cancelled = true
+        video.src = ''
+      }
+    } catch {
+      setProbeFailed(true)
     }
-  }, [src, display, mustLoad])
+  }, [src, showEmbed])
+
+  const onEmbedReady = useCallback(() => {
+    if (readyOnceRef.current) return
+    readyOnceRef.current = true
+    setEmbedPainted(true)
+  }, [])
 
   if (!mustLoad && !display) {
     return (
@@ -95,13 +160,57 @@ export default function MediaPlayer({
     )
   }
 
-  if (!mediaType) {
+  if (probeFailed) {
     return <ExternalLink url={src} />
   }
 
-  if (mediaType === 'video') {
-    return <VideoPlayer src={src} className={className} poster={imagePoster} />
+  if (effectiveMediaType === null) {
+    return (
+      <MediaEmbedBlurFrame
+        src={src}
+        posterUrl={imagePoster}
+        blurHash={blurHash}
+        className={className}
+      />
+    )
   }
 
-  return <AudioPlayer src={src} className={className} />
+  const layerTransition =
+    'transition-opacity duration-300 ease-out motion-reduce:transition-none'
+
+  return (
+    <div className="relative w-full max-w-[400px]">
+      <div
+        className={cn(
+          layerTransition,
+          embedPainted
+            ? 'pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 z-10 opacity-0'
+            : 'relative z-10 w-full opacity-100'
+        )}
+        aria-hidden={embedPainted}
+      >
+        <MediaEmbedBlurFrame
+          src={src}
+          posterUrl={imagePoster}
+          blurHash={blurHash}
+          className={className}
+        />
+      </div>
+      <div
+        className={cn(
+          layerTransition,
+          embedPainted
+            ? 'relative z-20 w-full overflow-hidden opacity-100'
+            : 'absolute inset-0 z-0 w-full overflow-hidden opacity-0 pointer-events-none'
+        )}
+        aria-hidden={!embedPainted}
+      >
+        {effectiveMediaType === 'video' ? (
+          <VideoPlayer src={src} className={className} poster={imagePoster} onReady={onEmbedReady} />
+        ) : (
+          <AudioPlayer src={src} className={className} onReady={onEmbedReady} />
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
 }
diff --git a/src/components/NoteOptions/EditOrCloneEventDialog.tsx b/src/components/NoteOptions/EditOrCloneEventDialog.tsx
index 0cd57fee..036cbbaa 100644
--- a/src/components/NoteOptions/EditOrCloneEventDialog.tsx
+++ b/src/components/NoteOptions/EditOrCloneEventDialog.tsx
@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ import {
   UNSIGNED_EXPERIMENTAL_KIND_MIN,
   isUnsignedExperimentalKind
 } from '@/constants'
-import { applyImwaldAttributionTags } from '@/lib/draft-event'
+import {
+  applyImwaldAttributionTags,
+  collectUploadImetaTagsForContentUrls,
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto
+} from '@/lib/draft-event'
 import { createFakeEvent } from '@/lib/event'
 import logger from '@/lib/logger'
 import {
@@ -161,6 +165,12 @@ export default function EditOrCloneEventDialog(props: EditOrCloneEventDialogProp
 
   const normalizedTags = useMemo(() => tagsFromRows(tagRows), [tagRows])
 
+  const tagsWithContentUploadImeta = useMemo(() => {
+    const next = [...normalizedTags]
+    mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(next, collectUploadImetaTagsForContentUrls(content))
+    return next
+  }, [normalizedTags, content])
+
   const previewEvent = useMemo(() => {
     if (isCreate && parsedCreateKind === null) return null
     const k = isCreate ? parsedCreateKind! : sourceEvent!.kind
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ export default function EditOrCloneEventDialog(props: EditOrCloneEventDialogProp
     const base: TDraftEvent = {
       kind: k,
       content,
-      tags: normalizedTags,
+      tags: tagsWithContentUploadImeta,
       created_at: now
     }
     const withAttribution = applyImwaldAttributionTags(base, {
@@ -181,7 +191,7 @@ export default function EditOrCloneEventDialog(props: EditOrCloneEventDialogProp
       pubkey: pubkey ?? '',
       created_at: now
     })
-  }, [isCreate, parsedCreateKind, sourceEvent, content, normalizedTags, pubkey])
+  }, [isCreate, parsedCreateKind, sourceEvent, content, tagsWithContentUploadImeta, pubkey])
 
   const buildDraftJson = useCallback(() => {
     if (isCreate && parsedCreateKind === null) {
@@ -198,7 +208,7 @@ export default function EditOrCloneEventDialog(props: EditOrCloneEventDialogProp
     const base: TDraftEvent = {
       kind: k,
       content,
-      tags: normalizedTags,
+      tags: tagsWithContentUploadImeta,
       created_at: dayjs().unix()
     }
     const withAttribution = applyImwaldAttributionTags(base, {
@@ -218,7 +228,7 @@ export default function EditOrCloneEventDialog(props: EditOrCloneEventDialogProp
       _note: unsignedNote
     }
     return JSON.stringify(draft, null, 2)
-  }, [isCreate, parsedCreateKind, sourceEvent, pubkey, content, normalizedTags, t])
+  }, [isCreate, parsedCreateKind, sourceEvent, pubkey, content, tagsWithContentUploadImeta, t])
 
   const draftJson = activeTab === 'json' ? buildDraftJson() : ''
 
@@ -279,7 +289,7 @@ export default function EditOrCloneEventDialog(props: EditOrCloneEventDialogProp
         const draft = {
           kind: publishKind,
           content,
-          tags: normalizedTags,
+          tags: tagsWithContentUploadImeta,
           created_at: dayjs().unix()
         }
         const newEvent = await publish(draft, {
diff --git a/src/components/PostEditor/PostContent.tsx b/src/components/PostEditor/PostContent.tsx
index 7cdbb31e..2910f78d 100644
--- a/src/components/PostEditor/PostContent.tsx
+++ b/src/components/PostEditor/PostContent.tsx
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ import {
   createCitationExternalDraftEvent,
   createCitationHardcopyDraftEvent,
   createCitationPromptDraftEvent,
-  applyImwaldAttributionTags
+  applyImwaldAttributionTags,
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto
 } from '@/lib/draft-event'
 import { ExtendedKind } from '@/constants'
 import { cn, isTouchDevice } from '@/lib/utils'
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ import { useNostr } from '@/providers/NostrProvider'
 import { useFeed } from '@/providers/FeedProvider'
 import { useReply } from '@/providers/ReplyProvider'
 import { canonicalizeRssArticleUrl, getArticleUrlFromCommentITags } from '@/lib/rss-article'
-import { normalizeUrl, rewritePlainTextHttpUrls } from '@/lib/url'
+import { cleanUrl, normalizeUrl, rewritePlainTextHttpUrls } from '@/lib/url'
 import logger from '@/lib/logger'
 import { LoginRequiredError } from '@/lib/nostr-errors'
 import postEditorCache from '@/services/post-editor-cache.service'
@@ -303,8 +304,9 @@ export default function PostContent({
   const [showMediaKindDialog, setShowMediaKindDialog] = useState(false)
   const [pendingMediaUpload, setPendingMediaUpload] = useState<{ url: string; tags: string[][]; file: File } | null>(null)
   const uploadedMediaFileMap = useRef<Map<string, File>>(new Map())
-  /** Accumulates imeta tags for kind 20 (picture) so multiple rapid uploads don’t overwrite each other. */
-  const pictureImetaTagsRef = useRef<string[][]>([])
+  /** Accumulates imeta tags across uploads (short note or multi-attachment) so files are not dropped. */
+  const composerImetaTagsRef = useRef<string[][]>([])
+  const mediaNoteKindRef = useRef<number | null>(null)
   /** Stable auto d-tag when the field is left empty; `{ slug, value }` resets when article subtype changes. */
   const articleDTagFallbackRef = useRef<{ slug: string; value: string } | null>(null)
 
@@ -323,10 +325,26 @@ export default function PostContent({
   }, [isLongFormArticle, isWikiArticle, isWikiArticleMarkdown, isPublicationContent])
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (mediaNoteKind === ExtendedKind.PICTURE && mediaImetaTags.length > 0) {
-      pictureImetaTagsRef.current = mediaImetaTags
-    }
-  }, [mediaNoteKind, mediaImetaTags])
+    mediaNoteKindRef.current = mediaNoteKind
+  }, [mediaNoteKind])
+
+  const appendComposerImetaTag = useCallback((newTag: string[]) => {
+    const urlItem = newTag.find((x) => typeof x === 'string' && x.startsWith('url '))
+    const rawUrl = urlItem?.slice(4)?.trim()
+    const normalized = rawUrl ? cleanUrl(rawUrl) || rawUrl : ''
+    const exists =
+      normalized &&
+      composerImetaTagsRef.current.some((tag) => {
+        const u = tag.find((x) => typeof x === 'string' && x.startsWith('url '))
+        if (!u) return false
+        const r = u.slice(4).trim()
+        return (cleanUrl(r) || r) === normalized
+      })
+    if (exists) return
+    composerImetaTagsRef.current = [...composerImetaTagsRef.current, newTag]
+    setMediaImetaTags([...composerImetaTagsRef.current])
+  }, [])
+
   const isFirstRender = useRef(true)
 
   const allAvailableTopics = useMemo(
@@ -618,6 +636,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
 
   // Shared function to create draft event - used by both preview and posting
   const createDraftEvent = useCallback(async (cleanedText: string): Promise<any> => {
+    const uploadImetaTagsOpt = mediaImetaTags.length > 0 ? mediaImetaTags : undefined
+
     // Get expiration and quiet settings
     const isChattingKind = (kind: number) => 
       kind === kinds.ShortTextNote || 
@@ -647,7 +667,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
         expirationMonths,
         addQuietTag,
         quietDays,
-        mediaImetaTags: mediaNoteKind !== null && mediaUrl ? mediaImetaTags : undefined
+        mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
       })
     } else if (parentEvent && parentEvent.kind === ExtendedKind.PUBLIC_MESSAGE) {
       // For PM replies, always create PM even if there's media
@@ -658,7 +678,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
         expirationMonths,
         addQuietTag,
         quietDays,
-        mediaImetaTags: mediaNoteKind !== null && mediaUrl ? mediaImetaTags : undefined
+        mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
       })
     }
 
@@ -682,18 +702,20 @@ export default function PostContent({
         tags,
         created_at: dayjs().unix()
       }
+      mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(draft.tags, uploadImetaTagsOpt)
       return draft
     }
 
     // Check for voice comments (only for non-PM replies)
     if (parentEvent && mediaNoteKind === ExtendedKind.VOICE_COMMENT) {
       const url = mediaUrl || 'placeholder://audio'
-      const tags = mediaImetaTags.length > 0 ? mediaImetaTags : [['imeta', `url ${url}`, 'm audio/mpeg']]
+      const voiceImetaRows =
+        mediaImetaTags.length > 0 ? [] : [['imeta', `url ${url}`, 'm audio/mpeg']]
       return await createVoiceCommentDraftEvent(
         cleanedText,
         parentEvent,
         url,
-        tags,
+        voiceImetaRows,
         mentions,
         {
           addClientTag,
@@ -702,7 +724,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
           addExpirationTag: addExpirationTag && isChattingKind(ExtendedKind.VOICE_COMMENT),
           expirationMonths,
           addQuietTag,
-          quietDays
+          quietDays,
+          mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
         }
       )
     }
@@ -710,10 +733,12 @@ export default function PostContent({
     // Media notes
     if (mediaNoteKind !== null && mediaUrl) {
       if (mediaNoteKind === ExtendedKind.VOICE) {
+        const voiceImetaRows =
+          mediaImetaTags.length > 0 ? [] : [['imeta', `url ${mediaUrl}`, 'm audio/mpeg']]
         return await createVoiceDraftEvent(
           cleanedText,
           mediaUrl,
-          mediaImetaTags,
+          voiceImetaRows,
           mentions,
           {
             addClientTag,
@@ -721,7 +746,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
             addExpirationTag: addExpirationTag && isChattingKind(ExtendedKind.VOICE),
             expirationMonths,
             addQuietTag,
-            quietDays
+            quietDays,
+            mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
           }
         )
       } else if (mediaNoteKind === ExtendedKind.PICTURE) {
@@ -735,7 +761,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
             addExpirationTag: false,
             expirationMonths,
             addQuietTag,
-            quietDays
+            quietDays,
+            mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
           }
         )
       } else if (mediaNoteKind === ExtendedKind.VIDEO || mediaNoteKind === ExtendedKind.SHORT_VIDEO) {
@@ -750,7 +777,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
             addExpirationTag: false,
             expirationMonths,
             addQuietTag,
-            quietDays
+            quietDays,
+            mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
           }
         )
       }
@@ -929,7 +957,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
           addExpirationTag: false,
           expirationMonths,
           addQuietTag,
-          quietDays
+          quietDays,
+          mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
         }
       )
     }
@@ -944,7 +973,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
         addExpirationTag: addExpirationTag && isChattingKind(ExtendedKind.COMMENT),
         expirationMonths,
         addQuietTag,
-        quietDays
+        quietDays,
+        mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
       })
     }
 
@@ -956,11 +986,12 @@ export default function PostContent({
         addExpirationTag: false,
         expirationMonths,
         addQuietTag,
-        quietDays
+        quietDays,
+        mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
       })
     }
 
-    // Default: Short text note
+    // Default: Short text note (kind 1), with optional NIP-94 imeta from uploads while still in "short note" mode
     return await createShortTextNoteDraftEvent(cleanedText, mentions, {
       parentEvent,
       addClientTag,
@@ -969,7 +1000,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
       addExpirationTag: addExpirationTag && isChattingKind(kinds.ShortTextNote),
       expirationMonths,
       addQuietTag,
-      quietDays
+      quietDays,
+      mediaImetaTags: uploadImetaTagsOpt
     })
   }, [
     parentEvent,
@@ -1260,6 +1292,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       setMediaNoteKind(null)
       setMediaUrl('')
       setMediaImetaTags([])
+      composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
     }
   }
 
@@ -1283,6 +1316,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       setMediaNoteKind(null)
       setMediaUrl('')
       setMediaImetaTags([])
+      composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
     }
   }
 
@@ -1303,7 +1337,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
     setMediaNoteKind(null)
     setMediaUrl('')
     setMediaImetaTags([])
-    pictureImetaTagsRef.current = []
+    composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
     uploadedMediaFileMap.current.clear()
   }
 
@@ -1395,7 +1429,19 @@ export default function PostContent({
     setMediaUrl(found)
     setMediaNoteKind(kind)
     const mime = mimeFromUrlPathForKind(found, kind)
-    setMediaImetaTags([['imeta', `url ${found}`, `m ${mime}`]])
+    const synth: string[] = ['imeta', `url ${found}`, `m ${mime}`]
+    const foundNorm = cleanUrl(found) || found
+    setMediaImetaTags((prev) => {
+      const has = prev.some((tag) => {
+        const u = tag.find((x) => typeof x === 'string' && x.startsWith('url '))
+        if (!u) return false
+        const r = u.slice(4).trim()
+        return (cleanUrl(r) || r) === foundNorm
+      })
+      const next = has ? prev : [...prev, synth]
+      composerImetaTagsRef.current = next
+      return next
+    })
   }
 
   const isPlainShortNoteToolbar = useMemo(
@@ -1413,8 +1459,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       !isCitationHardcopy &&
       !isCitationPrompt &&
       !isDiscussionThread &&
-      mediaNoteKind === null &&
-      !mediaUrl,
+      mediaNoteKind === null,
     [
       parentEvent,
       isPoll,
@@ -1429,8 +1474,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       isCitationHardcopy,
       isCitationPrompt,
       isDiscussionThread,
-      mediaNoteKind,
-      mediaUrl
+      mediaNoteKind
     ]
   )
 
@@ -1454,6 +1498,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       setMediaNoteKind(null)
       setMediaUrl('')
       setMediaImetaTags([])
+      composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
       setAddClientTag(true)
     }
   }
@@ -1471,6 +1516,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       setMediaNoteKind(null)
       setMediaUrl('')
       setMediaImetaTags([])
+      composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
       const draft = postEditorCache.getThreadDraft()
       if (draft) {
         setThreadTitle(draft.title)
@@ -1558,14 +1604,8 @@ export default function PostContent({
           }
           // Note: URL will be inserted when upload completes in handleMediaUploadSuccess
         }
-      } else if (!isDiscussionThread) {
-        // For new posts, detect the kind from the file (async)
-        getMediaKindFromFile(file, false)
-          .then((kind) => setMediaNoteKind(kind))
-          .catch((error) => {
-            logger.error('Error detecting media kind in handleUploadStart', { error, file: file.name })
-          })
       }
+      // Root short-note composer: do not switch to a native media kind on upload — user uses "Media kind".
     }
   }
 
@@ -1643,127 +1683,78 @@ export default function PostContent({
 
   const processMediaUpload = async (url: string, tags: string[][], uploadingFile: File, selectedKind?: number) => {
     try {
-      let kind: number
-      
+      let resolvedKind: number
       if (selectedKind !== undefined) {
-        // Use the selected kind
-        kind = selectedKind
+        resolvedKind = selectedKind
+        setMediaNoteKind(resolvedKind)
       } else {
-        // Auto-detect the kind
-        kind = await getMediaKindFromFile(uploadingFile, false)
+        resolvedKind = await getMediaKindFromFile(uploadingFile, false)
+        // Root composer: keep kind 1 until the user uses "Media kind" (ambiguous webm/mp4 still sets kind via dialog).
       }
-      
-      setMediaNoteKind(kind)
-      
-      // For picture notes, support multiple images by accumulating imeta tags
-      if (kind === ExtendedKind.PICTURE) {
-        // Get imeta tag from media upload service
-        const imetaTag = mediaUpload.getImetaTagByUrl(url)
-        let newImetaTag: string[]
-        if (imetaTag) {
-          newImetaTag = imetaTag
-        } else if (tags && tags.length > 0) {
-          newImetaTag = nip94PairsToImetaTag(tags)
-        } else {
-          // Create a basic imeta tag if none exists
-          newImetaTag = ['imeta', `url ${url}`]
-          if (uploadingFile.type) {
-            newImetaTag.push(`m ${uploadingFile.type}`)
+
+      const imetaTag = mediaUpload.getImetaTagByUrl(url)
+      let newImetaTag: string[]
+      if (imetaTag) {
+        newImetaTag = imetaTag
+      } else if (tags && tags.length > 0) {
+        newImetaTag = nip94PairsToImetaTag(tags)
+      } else {
+        newImetaTag = ['imeta', `url ${url}`]
+        let mimeType = uploadingFile.type
+        const kindHint = selectedKind ?? resolvedKind
+        if (kindHint === ExtendedKind.VOICE || kindHint === ExtendedKind.VOICE_COMMENT) {
+          const fileName = uploadingFile.name.toLowerCase()
+          if (/\.webm$/i.test(fileName)) {
+            mimeType = 'audio/webm'
+          } else if (/\.mka$/i.test(fileName)) {
+            mimeType = 'audio/x-matroska'
+          } else if (/\.mp4$/i.test(fileName)) {
+            mimeType = 'audio/mp4'
+          }
+        } else if (kindHint === ExtendedKind.VIDEO || kindHint === ExtendedKind.SHORT_VIDEO) {
+          const fileName = uploadingFile.name.toLowerCase()
+          if (/\.webm$/i.test(fileName)) {
+            mimeType = 'video/webm'
+          } else if (/\.mkv$/i.test(fileName)) {
+            mimeType = 'video/x-matroska'
+          } else if (/\.mp4$/i.test(fileName)) {
+            mimeType = 'video/mp4'
           }
         }
-        
-        // Accumulate multiple imeta tags for picture notes (use ref so rapid multi-upload doesn’t lose tags)
-        const urlExists = pictureImetaTagsRef.current.some((tag) => {
-          const urlItem = tag.find((item) => item.startsWith('url '))
-          return urlItem && urlItem.slice(4).trim() === url
-        })
-        if (!urlExists) {
-          pictureImetaTagsRef.current = [...pictureImetaTagsRef.current, newImetaTag]
-          setMediaImetaTags([...pictureImetaTagsRef.current])
+        if (mimeType) {
+          newImetaTag.push(`m ${mimeType}`)
         }
+      }
 
-        // Set the first URL as the primary mediaUrl (for backwards compatibility)
-        if (!mediaUrl) {
-          setMediaUrl(url)
-        }
-        
-        // Insert the URL into the editor content so it shows in the edit pane
-        // Use setTimeout to ensure the state has updated and editor is ready
-        setTimeout(() => {
-          if (textareaRef.current) {
-            // Check the actual editor content, not the state variable (which might be stale)
-            const currentText = textareaRef.current.getText()
-            if (!currentText.includes(url)) {
-              textareaRef.current.appendText(url, true)
-            }
-          }
-        }, 100)
-      } else {
-        // For non-picture media, replace the existing tags (single media)
-        pictureImetaTagsRef.current = []
+      appendComposerImetaTag(newImetaTag)
+
+      if (selectedKind !== undefined) {
         setMediaUrl(url)
-        const imetaTag = mediaUpload.getImetaTagByUrl(url)
-        if (imetaTag) {
-          setMediaImetaTags([imetaTag])
-        } else if (tags && tags.length > 0) {
-          setMediaImetaTags([nip94PairsToImetaTag(tags)])
-        } else {
-          const basicImetaTag: string[] = ['imeta', `url ${url}`]
-          // Update MIME type based on selected kind
-          let mimeType = uploadingFile.type
-          if (selectedKind === ExtendedKind.VOICE || selectedKind === ExtendedKind.VOICE_COMMENT) {
-            // Ensure audio MIME type
-            const fileName = uploadingFile.name.toLowerCase()
-            if (/\.webm$/i.test(fileName)) {
-              mimeType = 'audio/webm'
-            } else if (/\.mka$/i.test(fileName)) {
-              mimeType = 'audio/x-matroska'
-            } else if (/\.mp4$/i.test(fileName)) {
-              mimeType = 'audio/mp4'
-            }
-          } else if (selectedKind === ExtendedKind.VIDEO || selectedKind === ExtendedKind.SHORT_VIDEO) {
-            // Ensure video MIME type
-            const fileName = uploadingFile.name.toLowerCase()
-            if (/\.webm$/i.test(fileName)) {
-              mimeType = 'video/webm'
-            } else if (/\.mkv$/i.test(fileName)) {
-              mimeType = 'video/x-matroska'
-            } else if (/\.mp4$/i.test(fileName)) {
-              mimeType = 'video/mp4'
-            }
-          }
-          if (mimeType) {
-            basicImetaTag.push(`m ${mimeType}`)
+      } else if (mediaNoteKindRef.current !== null) {
+        setMediaUrl((prev) => prev || url)
+      }
+
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        if (textareaRef.current) {
+          const currentText = textareaRef.current.getText()
+          if (!currentText.includes(url)) {
+            textareaRef.current.appendText(url, true)
           }
-          setMediaImetaTags([basicImetaTag])
         }
-        
-        // Insert the URL into the editor content so it shows in the edit pane
-        // Use setTimeout to ensure the state has updated and editor is ready
-        setTimeout(() => {
-          if (textareaRef.current) {
-            // Check the actual editor content, not the state variable (which might be stale)
-            const currentText = textareaRef.current.getText()
-            if (!currentText.includes(url)) {
-              textareaRef.current.appendText(url, true)
-            }
-          }
-        }, 100)
-      }
+      }, 100)
     } catch (error) {
       logger.error('Error processing media upload', { error, file: uploadingFile.name })
-      // Fallback to picture if processing fails
-      setMediaNoteKind(ExtendedKind.PICTURE)
       const imetaTag = mediaUpload.getImetaTagByUrl(url)
-      const tagToAdd = imetaTag ?? (() => {
-        const basic: string[] = ['imeta', `url ${url}`]
-        if (uploadingFile.type) basic.push(`m ${uploadingFile.type}`)
-        return basic
-      })()
-      pictureImetaTagsRef.current = [...pictureImetaTagsRef.current, tagToAdd]
-      setMediaImetaTags([...pictureImetaTagsRef.current])
-      if (!mediaUrl) {
-        setMediaUrl(url)
+      const tagToAdd =
+        imetaTag ??
+        (() => {
+          const basic: string[] = ['imeta', `url ${url}`]
+          if (uploadingFile.type) basic.push(`m ${uploadingFile.type}`)
+          return basic
+        })()
+      appendComposerImetaTag(tagToAdd)
+      if (mediaNoteKindRef.current !== null) {
+        setMediaUrl((prev) => prev || url)
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1890,6 +1881,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
           setMediaNoteKind(null)
           setMediaUrl('')
           setMediaImetaTags([])
+          composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
           // Just add the media URL to the text content
           textareaRef.current?.appendText(url, true)
           return // Don't set media note kind for non-audio in replies/PMs
@@ -1927,7 +1919,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
 
     // Clear uploaded file from map and picture accumulation ref
     uploadedMediaFileMap.current.clear()
-    pictureImetaTagsRef.current = []
+    composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
   }
 
   const handleArticleToggle = (type: 'longform' | 'wiki' | 'wiki-markdown' | 'publication') => {
@@ -2069,7 +2061,7 @@ export default function PostContent({
       sourceValue: ''
     })
     uploadedMediaFileMap.current.clear()
-    pictureImetaTagsRef.current = []
+    composerImetaTagsRef.current = []
     setUploadProgresses([])
   }
 
diff --git a/src/components/PostEditor/PostTextarea/ClipboardAndDropHandler.ts b/src/components/PostEditor/PostTextarea/ClipboardAndDropHandler.ts
index e18c9b82..194513f3 100644
--- a/src/components/PostEditor/PostTextarea/ClipboardAndDropHandler.ts
+++ b/src/components/PostEditor/PostTextarea/ClipboardAndDropHandler.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const DRAGOVER_CLASS_LIST = [
 
 export interface ClipboardAndDropHandlerOptions {
   onUploadStart?: (file: File, cancel: () => void) => void
-  /** Same contract as `Uploader` — required so drop/paste uploads set media note state (kind 20/21/22…), not only the URL in text. */
+  /** Same contract as `Uploader` — drop/paste uploads append URLs + imeta while staying on kind 1 unless the user picks a native media kind. */
   onUploadSuccess?: (result: { url: string; tags: string[][]; file: File }) => void
   onUploadEnd?: (file: File) => void
   onUploadProgress?: (file: File, progress: number) => void
diff --git a/src/components/VideoPlayer/index.tsx b/src/components/VideoPlayer/index.tsx
index 3d3e06af..a8ba899c 100644
--- a/src/components/VideoPlayer/index.tsx
+++ b/src/components/VideoPlayer/index.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,18 @@ import ExternalLink from '../ExternalLink'
 import { MediaErrorBoundary } from '../MediaErrorBoundary'
 import logger from '@/lib/logger'
 
-export default function VideoPlayer({ src, className, poster }: { src: string; className?: string; poster?: string }) {
+export default function VideoPlayer({
+  src,
+  className,
+  poster,
+  onReady
+}: {
+  src: string
+  className?: string
+  poster?: string
+  /** Fires when the first frame is available (e.g. to swap out a blurhash placeholder). */
+  onReady?: () => void
+}) {
   const { autoplay } = useContentPolicy()
   const [error, setError] = useState(false)
   const videoRef = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null)
@@ -42,6 +53,12 @@ export default function VideoPlayer({ src, className, poster }: { src: string; c
     }
   }, [autoplay])
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (error) {
+      onReady?.()
+    }
+  }, [error, onReady])
+
   if (error) {
     return <ExternalLink url={src} />
   }
@@ -49,10 +66,9 @@ export default function VideoPlayer({ src, className, poster }: { src: string; c
   return (
     <MediaErrorBoundary
       fallback={<ExternalLink url={src} />}
-      onError={(error) => {
-        // Don't log expected media errors
-        if (error.name !== 'AbortError' && !error.message.includes('play() request was interrupted')) {
-          logger.warn('Video player error', error)
+      onError={(err) => {
+        if (err.name !== 'AbortError' && !err.message.includes('play() request was interrupted')) {
+          logger.warn('Video player error', err)
         }
         setError(true)
       }}
@@ -62,11 +78,12 @@ export default function VideoPlayer({ src, className, poster }: { src: string; c
           ref={videoRef}
           controls
           playsInline
-          preload="none"
+          preload={onReady ? 'metadata' : 'none'}
           className={cn('rounded-lg max-h-[80vh] sm:max-h-[60vh] border w-full h-auto max-w-full', className)}
           src={src}
           poster={poster}
           onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+          onLoadedData={() => onReady?.()}
           onPlay={(event) => {
             mediaManager.play(event.currentTarget)
           }}
diff --git a/src/lib/draft-event.ts b/src/lib/draft-event.ts
index d6fb711a..8c5c4028 100644
--- a/src/lib/draft-event.ts
+++ b/src/lib/draft-event.ts
@@ -154,6 +154,60 @@ export function createRepostDraftEvent(event: Event): TDraftEvent {
   }
 }
 
+function imetaUrlFromTagRow(tag: string[]): string | undefined {
+  const item = tag.find((x) => typeof x === 'string' && x.startsWith('url '))
+  if (!item) return undefined
+  const raw = item.slice(4).trim()
+  return cleanUrl(raw) || raw
+}
+
+/** Append NIP-94 `imeta` rows from uploads; skip URLs already present on existing `imeta` tags. */
+export function mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags: string[][], mediaImetaTags?: string[][]): void {
+  if (!mediaImetaTags?.length) return
+  const seen = new Set<string>()
+  for (const t of tags) {
+    if (t[0] === 'imeta') {
+      const u = imetaUrlFromTagRow(t)
+      if (u) seen.add(u)
+    }
+  }
+  for (const row of mediaImetaTags) {
+    const u = imetaUrlFromTagRow(row)
+    if (u) {
+      if (seen.has(u)) continue
+      seen.add(u)
+    }
+    tags.push(row)
+  }
+}
+
+/** NIP-94 `imeta` rows from the upload cache for HTTP(S) URLs that appear in `content`. */
+export function collectUploadImetaTagsForContentUrls(content: string): string[][] {
+  if (!content) return []
+  const re = /https?:\/\/[^\s<>"']+/g
+  const out: string[][] = []
+  const seen = new Set<string>()
+  let m: RegExpExecArray | null
+  while ((m = re.exec(content)) !== null) {
+    const raw = m[0]
+    const keys = [raw]
+    const c = cleanUrl(raw)
+    if (c && c !== raw) keys.push(c)
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      const tag = mediaUpload.getImetaTagByUrl(key)
+      if (tag) {
+        const u = imetaUrlFromTagRow(tag)
+        if (u && !seen.has(u)) {
+          seen.add(u)
+          out.push(tag)
+        }
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
 export async function createShortTextNoteDraftEvent(
   content: string,
   mentions: string[],
@@ -166,6 +220,8 @@ export async function createShortTextNoteDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    /** NIP-94 imeta rows from uploads (audio/video/images as plain URLs in content). */
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   // Process content to prefix nostr addresses before other transformations
@@ -183,6 +239,8 @@ export async function createShortTextNoteDraftEvent(
     tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
   }
 
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
+
   // q tags
   tags.push(...quoteEventHexIds.map((eventId) => buildQTag(eventId)))
   tags.push(...quoteReplaceableCoordinates.map((coordinate) => buildReplaceableQTag(coordinate)))
@@ -250,6 +308,7 @@ export async function createCommentDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   // Process content to prefix nostr addresses before other transformations
@@ -276,6 +335,8 @@ export async function createCommentDraftEvent(
     tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
   }
 
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
+
   tags.push(
     ...mentions.filter((pubkey) => pubkey !== parentEvent.pubkey).map((pubkey) => buildPTag(pubkey))
   )
@@ -372,16 +433,13 @@ export async function createPublicMessageReplyDraftEvent(
     .concat(quoteEventHexIds.map((eventId) => buildQTag(eventId)))
     .concat(quoteReplaceableCoordinates.map((coordinate) => buildReplaceableQTag(coordinate)))
 
-  // Add media imeta tags if provided (for audio/video)
-  if (options.mediaImetaTags && options.mediaImetaTags.length > 0) {
-    tags.push(...options.mediaImetaTags)
-  }
-
   const images = extractImagesFromContent(transformedEmojisContent)
   if (images && images.length) {
     tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
   }
 
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
+
   // For kind 24 replies, we use 'q' tag for the parent event (as per NIP-A4)
   tags.push(buildQTag(parentEvent.id))
 
@@ -449,16 +507,13 @@ export async function createPublicMessageDraftEvent(
   const tags = emojiTags
     .concat(hashtags.map((hashtag) => buildTTag(hashtag)))
 
-  // Add media imeta tags if provided (for audio/video)
-  if (options.mediaImetaTags && options.mediaImetaTags.length > 0) {
-    tags.push(...options.mediaImetaTags)
-  }
-
   const images = extractImagesFromContent(transformedEmojisContent)
   if (images && images.length) {
     tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
   }
 
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
+
   // Add 'p' tags for recipients
   tags.push(
     ...recipients.map((pubkey) => buildPTag(pubkey))
@@ -971,7 +1026,8 @@ export async function createPollDraftEvent(
     addExpirationTag,
     expirationMonths,
     addQuietTag,
-    quietDays
+    quietDays,
+    mediaImetaTags
   }: {
     addClientTag?: boolean // accepted for API compat; client tag is added in publish()
     isNsfw?: boolean
@@ -979,6 +1035,7 @@ export async function createPollDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   const { content: transformedEmojisContent, emojiTags } = transformCustomEmojisInContent(question)
@@ -994,6 +1051,8 @@ export async function createPollDraftEvent(
     tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
   }
 
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, mediaImetaTags)
+
   // q tags
   tags.push(...quoteEventHexIds.map((eventId) => buildQTag(eventId)))
   tags.push(...quoteReplaceableCoordinates.map((coordinate) => buildReplaceableQTag(coordinate)))
@@ -1507,6 +1566,7 @@ export async function createHighlightDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   }
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   const tags: string[][] = []
@@ -1635,6 +1695,8 @@ export async function createHighlightDraftEvent(
     tags.push(buildQuietTag(options.quietDays))
   }
 
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options?.mediaImetaTags)
+
   return setDraftEventCache({
     kind: 9802, // NIP-84 highlight kind
     tags,
@@ -1656,6 +1718,8 @@ export async function createVoiceDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    /** Extra NIP-94 rows from uploads (merged after content-derived imeta, deduped by URL). */
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   const { content: transformedEmojisContent, emojiTags } = transformCustomEmojisInContent(content)
@@ -1664,6 +1728,11 @@ export async function createVoiceDraftEvent(
   const tags: string[][] = []
   tags.push(...emojiTags)
   tags.push(...hashtags.map((hashtag) => buildTTag(hashtag)))
+  const images = extractImagesFromContent(transformedEmojisContent)
+  if (images && images.length) {
+    tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
+  }
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
   tags.push(...imetaTags)
   tags.push(...mentions.map((pubkey) => buildPTag(pubkey)))
   
@@ -1700,6 +1769,8 @@ export async function createVoiceCommentDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    /** NIP-94 rows from file upload (merged before `imetaTags`; deduped by URL). */
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   const { content: transformedEmojisContent, emojiTags } = transformCustomEmojisInContent(content)
@@ -1717,6 +1788,11 @@ export async function createVoiceCommentDraftEvent(
   const tags: string[][] = []
   tags.push(...emojiTags)
   tags.push(...hashtags.map((hashtag) => buildTTag(hashtag)))
+  const images = extractImagesFromContent(transformedEmojisContent)
+  if (images && images.length) {
+    tags.push(...generateImetaTags(images))
+  }
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
   tags.push(...imetaTags)
   tags.push(...quoteEventHexIds.map((eventId) => buildQTag(eventId)))
   tags.push(...quoteReplaceableCoordinates.map((coordinate) => buildReplaceableQTag(coordinate)))
@@ -1799,6 +1875,7 @@ export async function createPictureDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   const { content: transformedEmojisContent, emojiTags } = transformCustomEmojisInContent(content)
@@ -1811,6 +1888,7 @@ export async function createPictureDraftEvent(
   tags.push(...emojiTags)
   tags.push(...hashtags.map((hashtag) => buildTTag(hashtag)))
   tags.push(...imetaTags)
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
   tags.push(...mentions.map((pubkey) => buildPTag(pubkey)))
 
   if (options.isNsfw) {
@@ -1857,6 +1935,7 @@ export async function createVideoDraftEvent(
     expirationMonths?: number
     addQuietTag?: boolean
     quietDays?: number
+    mediaImetaTags?: string[][]
   } = {}
 ): Promise<TDraftEvent> {
   const { content: transformedEmojisContent, emojiTags } = transformCustomEmojisInContent(content)
@@ -1869,6 +1948,7 @@ export async function createVideoDraftEvent(
   tags.push(...emojiTags)
   tags.push(...hashtags.map((hashtag) => buildTTag(hashtag)))
   tags.push(...imetaTags)
+  mergeUploadImetaTagsInto(tags, options.mediaImetaTags)
   tags.push(...mentions.map((pubkey) => buildPTag(pubkey)))
   
   if (options.isNsfw) {