diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 5f3c1d06..c909df4b 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "imwald",
-  "version": "23.15.1",
+  "version": "23.16.1",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "imwald",
-      "version": "23.15.1",
+      "version": "23.16.1",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@asciidoctor/core": "^3.0.4",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index e2af0d6e..ab78c749 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "imwald",
-  "version": "23.16.0",
+  "version": "23.16.1",
   "description": "Imwald — a user-friendly Nostr client focused on relay feed browsing, publications, and relay discovery",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/src/components/MailboxSetting/DiscoveredRelays.tsx b/src/components/MailboxSetting/DiscoveredRelays.tsx
index ddad9fdb..ce0ebcb6 100644
--- a/src/components/MailboxSetting/DiscoveredRelays.tsx
+++ b/src/components/MailboxSetting/DiscoveredRelays.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
 import { Skeleton } from '@/components/ui/skeleton'
 import { Checkbox } from '@/components/ui/checkbox'
-import { isLocalNetworkUrl, normalizeHttpRelayUrl } from '@/lib/url'
+import { isLocalNetworkUrl, isWebsocketUrl, normalizeRelayUrlByScheme } from '@/lib/url'
 import { getRelaysFromNip07Extension, verifyNip05 } from '@/lib/nip05'
 import { useNostr } from '@/providers/NostrProvider'
 import { TMailboxRelay } from '@/types'
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ export default function DiscoveredRelays({ onAdd, localOnly = false }: { onAdd:
           const nip05Result = await verifyNip05(profile.nip05, account.pubkey)
           if (nip05Result.isVerified && nip05Result.relays) {
             nip05Result.relays.forEach(url => {
-              const normalized = normalizeHttpRelayUrl(url)
-              if (normalized && !discovered.has(normalized)) {
+              const normalized = normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(url)
+              if (normalized && isWebsocketUrl(normalized) && !discovered.has(normalized)) {
                 discovered.set(normalized, {
                   url: normalized,
                   source: 'nip05',
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ export default function DiscoveredRelays({ onAdd, localOnly = false }: { onAdd:
         try {
           const extensionRelays = await getRelaysFromNip07Extension()
           extensionRelays.forEach(url => {
-            const normalized = normalizeHttpRelayUrl(url)
-            if (normalized && !discovered.has(normalized)) {
+            const normalized = normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(url)
+            if (normalized && isWebsocketUrl(normalized) && !discovered.has(normalized)) {
               discovered.set(normalized, {
                 url: normalized,
                 source: 'nip07',
diff --git a/src/components/MailboxSetting/index.tsx b/src/components/MailboxSetting/index.tsx
index abfa3742..6eb5abd8 100644
--- a/src/components/MailboxSetting/index.tsx
+++ b/src/components/MailboxSetting/index.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
-import { isLocalNetworkUrl, normalizeHttpRelayUrl } from '@/lib/url'
+import { isLocalNetworkUrl, normalizeAnyRelayUrl } from '@/lib/url'
 import { useNostr } from '@/providers/NostrProvider'
 import { TMailboxRelay, TMailboxRelayScope } from '@/types'
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export default function MailboxSetting() {
 
   const saveNewMailboxRelay = (url: string) => {
     if (url === '') return null
-    const normalizedUrl = normalizeHttpRelayUrl(url)
+    const normalizedUrl = normalizeAnyRelayUrl(url)
     if (!normalizedUrl) {
       return t('Invalid relay URL')
     }
diff --git a/src/lib/pre-publish-relay-cap.ts b/src/lib/pre-publish-relay-cap.ts
index d00f49a0..78be21ee 100644
--- a/src/lib/pre-publish-relay-cap.ts
+++ b/src/lib/pre-publish-relay-cap.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { isSocialKindBlockedKind, MAX_PUBLISH_RELAYS, SOCIAL_KIND_BLOCKED_RELAY_
 import { kinds } from 'nostr-tools'
 import { filterRelaysForEventPublish } from '@/lib/relay-publish-filter'
 import { dedupeNormalizeRelayUrlsOrdered } from '@/lib/relay-url-priority'
-import { normalizeAnyRelayUrl, normalizeHttpRelayUrl, normalizeUrl } from '@/lib/url'
+import { normalizeHttpRelayUrl, normalizeRelayUrlByScheme, normalizeUrl } from '@/lib/url'
 import type { NostrEvent } from 'nostr-tools'
 
 export type TPrePublishRelayCapPreview = {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export function computePrePublishRelayCapPreview({
   const socialBlockedSet = new Set(SOCIAL_KIND_BLOCKED_RELAY_URLS.map((u) => normalizeUrl(u) || u))
   outbox = dedupeNormalizeRelayUrlsOrdered(
     filterRelaysForEventPublish(outbox, previewKind).filter((url) => {
-      const n = normalizeAnyRelayUrl(url) || url
+      const n = normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(url) || url
       if (applySocialOutboxFilter && socialBlockedSet.has(n)) return false
       return true
     })
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export function computePrePublishRelayCapPreview({
   const outboxNormSet = new Set(outbox)
   const outboxSlotsInPublish =
     selectedRelayUrls.length > 0 ? 0 : capped.filter((u) => outboxNormSet.has(u)).length
-  const selectedNorm = selectedRelayUrls.map((u) => normalizeAnyRelayUrl(u) || u)
+  const selectedNorm = selectedRelayUrls.map((u) => normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(u) || u)
   const selectedContacted = selectedNorm.filter((u) => capped.includes(u)).length
 
   const showCapHint =
diff --git a/src/lib/relay-list-sanitize.ts b/src/lib/relay-list-sanitize.ts
index c05ea3ab..0ee486bb 100644
--- a/src/lib/relay-list-sanitize.ts
+++ b/src/lib/relay-list-sanitize.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-import { isLocalNetworkUrl, normalizeAnyRelayUrl, normalizeHttpRelayUrl, normalizeUrl } from '@/lib/url'
+import {
+  isLocalNetworkUrl,
+  normalizeAnyRelayUrl,
+  normalizeHttpRelayUrl,
+  normalizeRelayUrlByScheme,
+  normalizeUrl
+} from '@/lib/url'
 import type { TMailboxRelay, TMailboxRelayScope, TRelayList } from '@/types'
 
 /** True if this URL is not loopback / LAN (safe to open from another user's browser as a REQ target). */
@@ -81,13 +87,7 @@ export function stripLocalNetworkRelaysForWssReq(urls: readonly string[]): strin
   return out
 }
 
-const normRelayKey = (u: string): string => {
-  const t = typeof u === 'string' ? u.trim() : ''
-  if (!t) return ''
-  if (/^wss?:\/\//i.test(t)) return normalizeUrl(t) || t
-  if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(t)) return normalizeHttpRelayUrl(t) || t
-  return normalizeUrl(t) || normalizeHttpRelayUrl(t) || t
-}
+const normRelayKey = (u: string): string => normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(u) || u.trim()
 
 /**
  * When NIP-65 `originalRelays` is empty but `read` / `write` URL lists are filled (e.g. PROFILE_FETCH fallback),
diff --git a/src/lib/relay-url-normalize.test.ts b/src/lib/relay-url-normalize.test.ts
index d05e2206..127c4ce7 100644
--- a/src/lib/relay-url-normalize.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/relay-url-normalize.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   httpIndexRelayBasesInUrlBatch,
   normalizeAnyRelayUrl,
   normalizeHttpRelayUrl,
+  normalizeRelayUrlByScheme,
   normalizeRelayUrlForPage,
   normalizeUrl
 } from '@/lib/url'
@@ -27,6 +28,14 @@ describe('relay URL normalization', () => {
     expect(normalizeUrl('wss://nostr.land/')).toMatch(/^wss:\/\/nostr\.land\/?$/)
   })
 
+  it('normalizeRelayUrlByScheme routes by scheme', () => {
+    expect(normalizeRelayUrlByScheme('wss://nostr.land/')).toMatch(/^wss:\/\/nostr\.land\/?$/)
+    expect(normalizeRelayUrlByScheme('https://mercury-relay.imwald.eu/')).toMatch(
+      /^https:\/\/mercury-relay\.imwald\.eu\/?$/
+    )
+    expect(normalizeRelayUrlByScheme('mercury-relay.imwald.eu')).toBe('')
+  })
+
   it('rejects bare hostnames', () => {
     expect(normalizeAnyRelayUrl('mercury-relay.imwald.eu')).toBe('')
     expect(normalizeAnyRelayUrl('nostr.land')).toBe('')
diff --git a/src/lib/relay-url-priority.ts b/src/lib/relay-url-priority.ts
index e26583ef..9f0124b8 100644
--- a/src/lib/relay-url-priority.ts
+++ b/src/lib/relay-url-priority.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
   MAX_REQ_RELAY_URLS
 } from '@/constants'
 import { feedRelayPolicyUrls, type FeedRelayLayer } from '@/features/feed/relay-policy'
-import { isLocalNetworkUrl, normalizeAnyRelayUrl, normalizeUrl } from '@/lib/url'
+import { isLocalNetworkUrl, normalizeAnyRelayUrl, normalizeRelayUrlByScheme, normalizeUrl } from '@/lib/url'
 
 export { MAX_REQ_RELAY_URLS }
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export function dedupeNormalizeRelayUrlsOrdered(urls: readonly string[]): string
   const seen = new Set<string>()
   const out: string[] = []
   for (const u of urls) {
-    const n = normalizeAnyRelayUrl(u) || u.trim()
+    const n = normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(u) || u.trim()
     if (!n || seen.has(n)) continue
     seen.add(n)
     out.push(n)
diff --git a/src/lib/url.ts b/src/lib/url.ts
index 1a0ed4b2..cc0f5c5d 100644
--- a/src/lib/url.ts
+++ b/src/lib/url.ts
@@ -118,9 +118,20 @@ export function normalizeAnyRelayUrl(url: string): string {
   return normalizeUrl(url)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Normalize a relay URL using the route for its scheme: `http(s)` index relays (kind 10243)
+ * vs `ws(s)` NIP-01 relays (kind 10002). Bare hostnames are rejected by both routes.
+ */
+export function normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(url: string): string {
+  const trimmed = url.trim()
+  if (!trimmed) return ''
+  if (isHttpOrHttpsScheme(trimmed)) return normalizeHttpRelayUrl(trimmed)
+  return normalizeAnyRelayUrl(trimmed)
+}
+
 /** Relay explore/detail routes accept WebSocket relays or kind-10243 HTTP index bases. */
 export function normalizeRelayUrlForPage(url: string): string {
-  return normalizeAnyRelayUrl(url) || normalizeHttpRelayUrl(url)
+  return normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(url)
 }
 
 /** Stable key for per-relay session stats (scheme preserved; no https→wss aliasing). */
diff --git a/src/services/relay-selection.service.ts b/src/services/relay-selection.service.ts
index a850dc4f..0eacddcb 100644
--- a/src/services/relay-selection.service.ts
+++ b/src/services/relay-selection.service.ts
@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ import client from '@/services/client.service'
 import { eventService } from '@/services/client.service'
 import {
   canonicalRelaySessionKey,
-  isHttpOrHttpsScheme,
   isLocalNetworkUrl,
   normalizeAnyRelayUrl,
-  normalizeHttpRelayUrl
+  normalizeRelayUrlByScheme
 } from '@/lib/url'
 import { TRelaySet, TRelayList } from '@/types'
 import logger from '@/lib/logger'
@@ -144,9 +143,7 @@ class RelaySelectionService {
 
     const addRelay = (url: string, type: RelaySourceType) => {
       if (!url) return
-      const normalized = isHttpOrHttpsScheme(url)
-        ? normalizeHttpRelayUrl(url)
-        : normalizeAnyRelayUrl(url)
+      const normalized = normalizeRelayUrlByScheme(url)
       const key = normalized ? canonicalRelaySessionKey(normalized) : ''
       if (key && !seen.has(key)) {
         seen.add(key)